Wednesday, December 5, 2007

Alan Archibald Campbell-Swinton
Alan Archibald Campbell-Swinton, FRS (18631930) was a Scottish consulting electrical engineer born in Edinburgh. He described an electronic basis of producing television in a 1908 letter to Nature.

Tuesday, December 4, 2007


Also see: B minor, or B flat major.
B major is a major scale based on B, with the pitches B, C, and B. Its key signature has five sharps (see below: Scales and keys).
The key signature for B major is the least sharp key signature with three "lines" of sharps. In the treble clef, putting the sharp for A on its expected position relative to the sharp for G would require a ledger line. In the bass clef it would be possible to do this, but because in piano music this would result in a disuniformity that might throw off sight-reading, the B major key signature is practically the same in the bass clef as it is in the treble clef. In the alto clef, which occurs in string quartets and orchestral music, the B major key signature is usually written in just two "lines" of sharps.
Although B major is usually thought of as a remote key, due to its distance from C major (as seen in the circle of fifths) and its fairly large number of sharps, Frédéric Chopin regarded its scale as the easiest of all to play, owing to the black notes in it fitting the natural positions of the fingers well; as a consequence he often assigned it first to beginning piano students, leaving the scale of C major till last because he considered it the hardest of all scales to play completely evenly (because of its complete lack of black notes).
B major's relative minor is G-sharp minor, its parallel minor is B minor, and its enharmonic equivalent is C-flat major.
The only symphony by a well-known composer in this key is Joseph Haydn's Symphony No. 46.
Note that in German, the pitch B is called "H" while B-flat is called "B".

Well-known contemporary music in this key
the table indicates the number of sharps or flats in each scale
B major

Monday, December 3, 2007

Lord Rector of St Andrews University
The Lord Rector of the University of St Andrews is chosen every three years by the students of the University of St Andrews. Seldom referred to as Lord Rector, he is more commonly known simply as the Rector, the office having been created by the Parliament of the United Kingdom when it passed the Universities (Scotland) Act 1858, which provided for the election of a Rector at all of the universities in existence at the time in Scotland. To this day it is only the four ancient universities of Scotland: University of St Andrews; University of Glasgow; University of Aberdeen; University of Edinburgh; as well as University of Dundee which elect a rector, whereas modern universities do not.

Sunday, December 2, 2007

Hebrew literature
Hebrew literature consists of ancient, medieval, and modern writings in the Hebrew language. Beyond compare, the most important such work is the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh).
Most Jewish religious literature is written in Hebrew. The Mishna is the primary rabbinic codification of laws as derived from the Torah. It was written in Hebrew about 200 CE. Jewish worship services were compiled in book form primarily in Hebrew, originally by Amram Gaon and Saadia Gaon. Torah commentaries from Abraham ibn Ezra to Rashi and beyond were written in Hebrew. So were the codifications of Jewish law, such as the Shulchan Aruch.
These works of Hebrew literature were in many cases combined or augmented with additional literature in a language that was more familiar to Jews at the time. The Gemara was added as an Aramaic-language commentary on the Mishna to constitute the Talmud. Some of the traditional Jewish prayers are in Aramaic. Some important works of medieval philosophy, such as the Guide to the Perplexed, were originally written in Arabic.
During the golden age of Jewish culture in Spain, some prominent rabbis moved to Moorish Spain as religious repression increased elsewhere in the Muslim world. Their religious perspective depended on works in the Arabic language that their colleagues elsewhere in Europe could not read. These rabbis and their successors in Spain, Provence, and Italy translated many works of Jewish, Muslim, Greek, and Roman philosophy and science into Hebrew from Arabic. The influx of subject matter into the Hebrew language forced an expansion of its vocabulary.
In the eighteenth century, the Haskalah (Jewish enlightenment) movement worked to achieve equality and freedom for European Jews by promoting Jewish culture as equal. Moses Mendelssohn's translation of the Hebrew Bible into German inspired interest in the Hebrew language that led to the founding of a quarterly review written in Hebrew. Other periodicals followed.
In the late nineteenth century, some writers later known largely for their Yiddish writing, such as Sholom Aleichem, began to write in Hebrew under the influence of the Haskalah movement.
As Zionist settlement in Palestine intensified, Hebrew became the shared language of the various Jewish immigrant communities. Eliezer Ben-Yehuda in particular worked to adapt Hebrew to the needs of the modern world, turning to Hebrew sources from all periods to develop a language that went beyond the sacred and was capable of articulating the modern experience.
In 1922, Hebrew became the official language of pre-state Israel. In 1966, Shmuel Yosef Agnon won the Nobel Prize for Literature for novels and short stories that employ a unique blend of biblical, Talmudic and modern Hebrew.
Among other Israeli authors who were translated into other languages and attained international recognition are Ephraim Kishon, Yaakov Shabtai, A. B. Yehoshua, Amos Oz, Irit Linur, Etgar Keret and Yehoshua Sobol.
Today thousands of new books are published in Hebrew each year, both translations from other languages and original works by Israeli authors.

Saturday, December 1, 2007


Situated about 25 KM to the north of Kuantan city and facing South China Sea, Kuantan Port (Latitude 3°58'N, Longitude 103° 26'E) is an ISPS-compliant, multipurpose all-weather port with road and rail networks that make it the leading maritime trade and logistics centre in the East Coast Region of Peninsular Malaysia.
Kuantan Port handles various type of cargoes including containerized cargo, bulk cargo (dry & liquid) and break bulk. It has been privatised since 1998 and is currently managed and operated by Kuantan Port Consortium Sdn Bhd. In year 2006, it handled more than 10,650,000 tonnes of cargo.

History

Container Shipping Weekly Service
Kuantan Port Container Berth with gantry crane
Kuantan Port Container Yard with RTG (Rubber Tyre Gantry) crane
Kuantan Port Kuantan Port with Reach Stacker in operation
Kuantan Port Container Yard
Kuantan Port Container Yard with Reefer Service
ISO Tanks stored at Kuantan Port Container Yard
Container stuffing at Kuantan Port Container Freight Station (CFS)
Rubber Tyred Gantry (RTG) in operation at Kuantan Port Container Yard
Reach Stacker in operation at Kuantan Port. Rubber Tyred Gantry visible at the background

Friday, November 30, 2007

Second Barons' War Causes
The charismatic de Montfort and his forces had captured most of southeastern England by 1263 and at the Battle of Lewes in 1264, Henry was defeated and taken prisoner by de Montfort's army. While Henry was reduced to a figurehead king, de Montfort broadened representation to include each county of England and many important towns – i.e. to groups beyond the nobility. Henry and Edward continued under house arrest. The short period which followed was the closest England was to come to complete abolition of the monarchy until the Commonwealth period of 1649–1660, and many of the barons who had initially supported de Montfort began to suspect that he had gone too far with his reforming zeal.
Only fifteen months later de Montfort's gains were reversed when Edward Longshanks escaped captivity to lead the royalists into battle again, defeating and killing de Montfort at the Battle of Evesham in 1265. Following this victory savage retribution was exacted on the rebels and authority was restored to King Henry. The casualties of the war are estimated at 15,000

Timeline

First Barons' War
Richard de Southchurch

Thursday, November 29, 2007


The John Crerar Library is a library currently operated by the University of Chicago that maintains more than 1.3 million volumes in the biological, medical and physical sciences as well as collections in general science and the philosophy and history of science, medicine, and technology. Though privately-owned and operated, the John Crerar Library continues its tradition of free access for the public.

John Crerar Library History
The library opened April 1, 1897 and is named for John Crerar who gained his wealth by founding a railroad supply firm. His will gave the city a portion of his estate (estimated at approximately $2.6 million) as an endowment for a free public library, selected "to create and sustain a healthy moral and Christian sentiment." To comply with Crerar's wishes and to complement area libraries, the directors decided to limit the collections to the sciences, adding medicine to the library's scope in 1906.
Throughout its history, the library's technology resources attracted a large clientele from Chicago-area business and industry. Its equally outstanding collections of historical and rare materials drew scholars from many countries. To assist the post–World War II expansion in scientific research, the directors established an innovative fee-based research service for industry and government. Since 1951, the collection has been limited to current science, technology, and medicine.
The Crerar Library opened in the Marshall Field building, moving in 1921 to its own building at the northwest corner of Randolph Street and Michigan Avenue. The Board of Directors of the library established a building fund with the 1889 endowment and set out to gain approval for a Grant Park location. In 1902, the Chicago City Council approved the plan, but public criticism force the design to be built on the Northwest corner of Michigan Avenue. World War I postponed groundbreaking of the 16-story Holabird & Roche design until 1919.